[SystemSafety] Safety Cases

Fri Feb 7 14:24:22 CET 2014

As far as I have been involved, on brand new complete LNG terminal and plant, petrochemicals, O&G, fossil fuel energy plant revampings :
How often have you seen a safety analysis that was:
    a) Conducted for a completed or near completed design                                                                       Never
    b) Revealed that the design was insufficiently safe                                                                                Could not be concluded as well as could not conclude it was safe enough !
    c) Resulted in the design being corrected in a way that addressed the revealed problem(s)                  The objective was allways to avoid any modification
No activity was particularly to blame as the problem rooted in the activities not being identified and thus not done.

Sic transit gloria mundi.

Bertrand Ricque
Program Manager
Optronics and Defence Division
Sights Program
Mob : +33 6 87 47 84 64
Tel : +33 1 59 11 96 82
Bertrand.ricque at sagem.com

From: systemsafety-bounces at lists.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de [mailto:systemsafety-bounces at lists.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de] On Behalf Of Andrew Rae
Sent: Friday, February 07, 2014 1:54 PM
To: systemsafety at lists.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de
Subject: Re: [SystemSafety] Safety Cases

If I can slightly reframe from Martin's points, the real problem is asking these questions in the negative. If the system _didn't_ have the properties it needs, what activities or tests would be adequate to reveal the problems?

Whenever there is a focus on providing evidence that something is true, this is antithetical to a proper search for evidence that contradicts.
As Martin points out, most evidence is not fully adequate to show that properties are true. The best we can do is selecting evidence that would have a good chance of revealing that the properties were not true.
(Note: not all safety activities are about evidence. Most of them are about getting the design right so that there _aren't_ safety problems that need to be revealed).

Simple question for the list (not directly related to safety cases):

How often have you seen a safety analysis that was:
    a) Conducted for a completed or near completed design
    b) Revealed that the design was insufficiently safe
    c) Resulted in the design being corrected in a way that addressed the revealed problem(s)
Supplementary question:
   What was the activity?
[Not so hidden motive for asking, just so the question doesn't look like a trap - I've seen a lot of QRA type analysis that meets (a), but the only times I've seen (b) and (c) follow on are when the analysis is reviewed, not when the analysis is conducted]
Drew

1    What properties does the system need to have in order for it to be adequately dependable for its intended use? (and how do you know that these properties will be adequate?)
2    What evidence would be adequate to show that it had these properties?
3    It it practical to aquire that evidence and, if not, what is the strongest related property for which it would be practical to provide strong evidence that the property was true?
4    What are we going to do about the gap between 1 and 3?

My system safety podcast: http://disastercast.co.uk
My phone number: +44 (0) 7783 446 814
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On 7 February 2014 12:05, RICQUE Bertrand (SAGEM DEFENSE SECURITE) <bertrand.ricque at sagem.com<mailto:bertrand.ricque at sagem.com>> wrote:
It seems to me that at the end of the reasoning, the standard xyz (e.g. IEC 61508) requests some work to be done available in documents (whatever the name). Standard xyz contains (strong) requirements on 1 and (weaker) requirements on 2 but at least requirements on the means and methods to achieve 1.

It looks circular.

In the understanding of stakeholders being compliant to standard xyz means not doing a lot of engineering stuff that is unfortunately explicit or implicit in the standard xyz. But most often they even never read it. This is also an explanation about the observed gap in the industry.

Bertrand Ricque
Program Manager
Optronics and Defence Division
Sights Program
Mob : +33 6 87 47 84 64<tel:%2B33%206%2087%2047%2084%2064>
Tel : +33 1 59 11 96 82<tel:%2B33%201%2059%2011%2096%2082>
Bertrand.ricque at sagem.com<mailto:Bertrand.ricque at sagem.com>

From: systemsafety-bounces at lists.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de<mailto:systemsafety-bounces at lists.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de> [mailto:systemsafety-bounces at lists.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de<mailto:systemsafety-bounces at lists.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de>] On Behalf Of Martyn Thomas
Sent: Friday, February 07, 2014 12:16 PM
To: systemsafety at lists.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de<mailto:systemsafety at lists.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de>
Subject: [SystemSafety] Safety Cases

In the National Academies / CSTB Report  Software for Dependable Systems: Sufficient Evidence? (http://sites.nationalacademies.org/cstb/CompletedProjects/CSTB_042247) we said that every claim about the properties of a software-based system that made it dependable in its intended application should be stated unambiguously, and that every such claim should be shown to be true through scientifically valid evidence that was made available for expert review.

It seems to me that this was a reasonable position, but I recognise that it is a position that cannot be adopted by anyone whose livelihood depends on making claims for which thay have insufficient evidence (or for which no scientifically valid evidence could be provided). Unfortunately, much of the safety-related systems industry is in this position (and the same is true, mutatis mutandis, for security).

It seems to me that some important questions about dependability are these:

1    What properties does the system need to have in order for it to be adequately dependable for its intended use? (and how do you know that these properties will be adequate?)
2    What evidence would be adequate to show that it had these properties?
3    It it practical to aquire that evidence and, if not, what is the strongest related property for which it would be practical to provide strong evidence that the property was true?
4    What are we going to do about the gap between 1 and 3?

The usual answer to 4 is "rely on having followed best practice, as described in Standard XYZ". That's an understandable position to take, for practical reasons, but I suggest that professional ingegrity requires that the (customer, regulator or other stakeholder) should be shown the chain of reasoning 1-4 (and the evidence for all the required properties for which strong evidence can be provided) and asked to acknowledge that this is good enough for their purposes.

I don't care what you choose to call the document in which this information is given, so long as you don't cause confusion by overloading some name that the industry is using for something else.

I might refer to the answers to question 1 as a "goal", if I were trying to be provocative.

Martyn

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