[SystemSafety] Comparison of Confidential vs Non-Confidential Reporting Systems

[Mike Rothon]

I am looking for some recommended reading on the respective merits of 
confidential and non-confidential (open?) reporting systems with respect 
to 'safety events'.

Aviation is one sector that has generally embraced the confidential 
reporting approach, whilst anecdotally I hear that it isn't (yet) used 
so widely in the medical sector.

In general, I am trying to understand why it is considered to be 
beneficial for aviation, but not necessarily elsewhere.

For example, is it just a natural human desire to know 'who done it' 
[sic] that prevents wider adoption, or does the fear of being named and 
shamed encourage people to behave more 'safety consciously'?

I have made the usual Google search, but with surprisingly few results.

Thanks.......................Mike